【英文】兰德公司报告：脑机接口：美国军事应用和意义，初步评估（45页）

To address the potential for information overload, future service members are likely to engage  more extensively with AI. On the future battlefield,  AI tools may help human operators assess an environment, curate data, and ultimately allow operators to digest greater volumes of information.75 Already, the U.S. Army has sought to leverage AI to  “lighten the cognitive load” on future warfighters  as a core capability objective of its 2017 Robotic and  Autonomous Systems strategy.76 As AI and rapid connectivity are increasingly  incorporated into military operations, the pace of  warfare will continue to accelerate.77 Thus the speed  at which decisions need to be made will also accelerate. In the coming decades, the United States and  near-peer competitors are likely to seek out new ways  to speed up decision cycles.78 Finally, the future human warfighter may need  to oversee and interact with a larger number of  autonomous and semiautonomous systems.79 Drone  swarms may be incorporated at the tactical and  operational levels in complex urban environments.80 Future ground operations will incorporate robotics  into supply and logistics chains. 81 Already, service  members can look to uninhabited aircraft flying  above the combat zone for ISR and close air support.  Additional combat applications for machines could  include, for example, a robot that would be the first  to enter a building and take fire, currently one of the  deadliest roles in urban warfare.

Laboratory studies indicate that BCIs may be  able to enhance both the speed and accuracy of  human decisionmaking.82 In a future BCI team,  AI could theoretically transfer initial data analysis  from a plane or drone directly to the relevant centers of an operator’s brain to further reduce cognitive load.83 In combat, BCI could thus accelerate an  operator’s observe, orient, decide, act (OODA) loop,  through new ways of presenting information and  bypassing physical senses.84 Thus, DARPA cites the  potential ability of military personnel to “facilitate  multitasking at the speed of thought” and “interface  with smart decision aids” as two rationales for its  investment in noninvasive or minutely invasive BCI  technologies.85 BCI could also be used for more efficient engagement with AI to help maintain human oversight  over operational decisions within a compressed time  frame. Some scholars have hypothesized that an  AI-enabled battlefield could lead to a phase shift in  warfare in which the tempo of operations outpaces  the speed of human decisionmaking. Some Chinese  scholars have referred to this as a battlefield singularity. 86 Some U.S. scholars have referred to this concept  as hyperwar.